Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (1793–
1864) was an American
ethnologist, born near
Albany, N.Y. He gave enormous
impetus to the study of
American Indian culture and
may be regarded as the
foremost pioneer in American
Indian studies. As a young
man, Schoolcraft abandoned
his family's glassmaking
business and made a journey
down the Ohio River to
Missouri. There in 1818–19 he
made valuable geographical,
geological, and mineralogical
surveys. As geologist on the
expedition of Gen. Lewis
Cass, Schoolcraft made
topographical surveys of the
country of present Northern
Michigan and the upper Great
Lakes. The expedition reached
Cass Lake, which they
incorrectly supposed to be
the source of the Mississippi
River. This voyage was
described in A Narrative
Journal of Travels...from
Detroit through the Great
Chain of American Lakes to
the Sources of the
Mississippi River (1821).
In 1822, he was appointed
Indian agent, with
headquarters at Sault Ste.
Marie, where he began
ethnological researches.
Having married the half-
Ojibwa daughter of a fur
trader, Schoolcraft learned
the Ojibwa language and a
great deal of Ojibwa lore. He
made another journey to the
Mississippi in 1832, this
time correctly determining
Lake Itasca as the river's
source. When the Whigs came
to power in 1841, Schoolcraft
lost his Indian agency and
moved to the East, where he
wrote voluminously on
Indians(1851–57).
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